Ukususela nge-7 ukuya kwi-8 kaSeptemba, iNtlanganiso yeBhunga lesine le-Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy Branch, kunye neNgqungquthela yeNgxelo yeMarike ye-Hard Alloy kunye neNgqungquthela ye-13 yeSizwe ye-Hard Alloy Academic, zibanjwe ngokulandelelana eZhuzhou, eTshayina. Eyokuqala yintlanganiso eqhelekileyo eququzelelwa yi-association ephezulu yeshishini, eyenzeka kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo minyaka le (intlanganiso yonyaka ophelileyo ibibanjelwe eShanghai). Eyokugqibela iyenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine kwaye ngumsitho obalulekileyo wokutshintshiselana ngezifundo kwicandelo lezinto zasekhaya. Ngexesha lenkomfa nganye, iingcali eziphezulu ezivela kushishino lwe-hard alloy kulo lonke ilizwe, kunye nabameli abavela kumashishini, bazisa uphando lwabo lwamva nje kunye nokubona.
Ukubamba umsitho omkhulu kangaka eZhuzhou akupheleli nje ekunikezeleni iqonga lokwandisa amathuba kunye neengcinga ezahlukeneyo kumashishini asekuhlaleni nakazwelonke, kodwa kukwagxininisa kwaye kuqinise isikhundla esibalulekileyo sikaZhuzhou kumhlaba weshishini le-hard alloy yesizwe. "Imvumelwano yaseZhuzhou" eyakhiwe kwaye yavakaliswa ngexesha lomsitho iyaqhubeka nokukhokela iindlela zoshishino kunye nokukhokela inkqubela phambili kushishino.
I-Hard Alloy Industry Index ithatha iMilo eZhuzhou
"Kwingqungquthela ka-2021, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezintsha zoshishino lwe-hard alloy kuzwelonke kufikelele kwi-9.785 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka konyaka nge-30.3%. Utyalo-mali lwe-fixed asset beluyi-1.943 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kwaye utyalo-mali lobuchwepheshe (uphando) beluyi-1.368 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka konyaka nge-29.69%..." Eqongeni, abameli be-Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy Branch babelane ngezibalo kunye nohlalutyo lweshishini. Kubaphulaphuli, abaphulaphuli bathatha imifanekiso yala manqaku edatha axabisekileyo ngeefowuni zabo.
Izibalo zedatha yeshishini le-hard alloy ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi weli sebe. Ukusukela oko lasekwa ngo-1984, eli qumrhu liye lapapasha ezi zibalo rhoqo kangangeminyaka engama-38. Likwalilodwa isebe elingaphantsi kwe-China Tungsten Industry Association elinayo kwaye lipapasha idatha yeshishini rhoqo.
Isebe leHard Alloy lisebenzisana neZhuzhou Hard Alloy Group, apho eli qela lisebenza njengeyunithi engusihlalo walo. IZhuzhou ikwalapho kwaveliswa khona i-hard alloy yokuqala eNew China. Ngenxa yesi sikhundla sibalulekileyo, i-"Hard Alloy Industry Index" iye yaba "yibhodi yokubonisa" enegunya kunye nengqalelo kushishino, itsala amashishini amaninzi kushishino ukuba atyhile idatha yawo yokusebenza yokwenyani rhoqo ngekota okanye ngonyaka.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuba kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2022, imveliso eqokelelweyo ye-hard alloy kushishino lwesizwe ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-22,983.89, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-0.2%. Ingeniso ephambili yeshishini yayiyi-18.753 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-17.52%; inzuzo yayiyi-1.648 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-22.37%. Eli shishini liyaqhubeka nokugcina umkhwa wophuhliso oluhle.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-60 zizimisele ukutyhila idatha, egubungela phantse i-90% yamandla oshishino lwe-hard alloy yesizwe.
Ukususela kunyaka ophelileyo, eli sebe liye lahlaziya laza laphucula iingxelo zezibalo, liyila imodeli yezibalo efanelekileyo, ehlelwe ngokwesayensi, nesebenzayo. Umxholo uphinde waba banzi ngakumbi, njengokongeza izalathisi zokuhlelwa ezifana nomthamo wokuveliswa kwemveliso yemizi-mveliso ye-tungsten kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okubanzi.
Ukufumana ingxelo epheleleyo ethi "Hard Alloy Industry Index" akubonisi nje kuphela umbono ochanekileyo weemveliso ezisisiseko zamashishini amakhulu, amandla obuchwephesha, kunye nezinto ezintsha, kodwa kukwabonisa ngokubalulekileyo iindlela zophuhliso lwamashishini. Olu lwazi lunexabiso elibalulekileyo lokubhekisa ekuqulunqeni amanyathelo alandelayo ezicwangciso zophuhliso lwamashishini ngamanye. Ngenxa yoko, le ngxelo iyamkelwa ngakumbi ngamashishini oshishino.
Njenge-barometer kunye nekhampasi kushishino, ukukhutshwa kwee-indexes zoshishino okanye "amaphepha amhlophe" kunentsingiselo elungileyo yokuhlalutya iindlela zophuhliso lweshishini, ukukhokela ukukhula okunempilo kweshishini, kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho kunye nokuphucula.
Ngaphezu koko, ukutolikwa okunzulu kweziphumo zesalathiso kunye neendlela ezintsha zoshishino, ezisebenza njengekhonkco, zinokwandisa isangqa sonxibelelwano kwaye zidale inkqubo yezoshishino egxile kwisalathiso, zitsala ukudibana kwemali, izinto ezifunekayo, italente, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Kwimimandla emininzi nakwiindawo ezininzi, le ngcamango sele ibonakalisiwe ngokucacileyo.
Umzekelo, ngo-Epreli walo nyaka, iGuangzhou Metro ikhokele ukukhutshwa kwengxelo yokuqala yesenzo semozulu kushishino lwezothutho lukaloliwe, enika iingcebiso zesenzo sophuhliso olunekhabhoni ephantsi, oluzinzileyo kokusingqongileyo, olukhawulezayo, nolusemgangathweni ophezulu kushishino. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokusekelwe kudibaniso oluqinileyo lwezixhobo kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa kulo lonke uthotho lweshishini, iGuangzhou Metro ifumene impembelelo engakumbi kushishino lwezothutho lukaloliwe lukazwelonke.
Omnye umzekelo sisixeko saseWenling kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, esaziwa njengesixeko selizwe seempawu zezixhobo zokusika kunye nendawo yoluhlu lokuqala lwe-"First Share of Cutting Tools Trading Centre eTshayina." I-Wenling ikwakhuphe i-national cutting tool index yokuqala, isebenzisa ii-index ukuchaza nokuhlalutya iindlela zophuhliso lweshishini lesizwe lezixhobo zokusika kunye notshintsho lwamaxabiso emveliso, nto leyo ebonisa ngokupheleleyo impumelelo yeshishini lezixhobo zokusika lasekhaya.
I-"Hard Alloy Industry Index," eyenziwe eZhuzhou kwaye ijolise kulo lonke ilizwe, inokupapashwa ngendlela ebanzi ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. "Isenokukhula ngale ndlela kamva; oku kukwayimfuneko kunye nomkhwa weli shishini. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku ipapashwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwishishini kwinqanaba elincinci," utshilo ummeli okhankanywe ngasentla.
Ayizizo nje kuphela ii-index kodwa nemigangatho. Ukususela ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022, isebe, ngokubambisana ne-China Tungsten Industry Association, ligqibezele laza lapapasha imigangatho emithandathu yesizwe neyeshishini yee-alloys eziqinileyo. Imigangatho esibhozo yesizwe neyeshishini iyaphononongwa okanye ilinde ukupapashwa, ngelixa imigangatho elishumi elinesithathu yesizwe neyeshishini ingenisiwe. Phakathi kwezi kukho uyilo oluphambili lwesebe lwe-"Energy Consumption Limits and Calculation Methods for Individual Hard Alloy Products." Okwangoku, lo mgangatho ukwinkqubo yokubhengezwa njengomgangatho wengingqi kwinqanaba lephondo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba usebenze kwizinga lomgangatho wesizwe kunyaka ozayo.
Ukusebenzisa ithuba lokudluliselwa kwamandla kwihlabathi
Kwiintsuku ezimbini, iingcali ezivela kumaziko ophando, amaziko, kunye namashishini, afana neYunivesithi yaseZhongnan, iYunivesithi yaseTshayina yezeMigodi kunye neTekhnoloji, iYunivesithi yaseSichuan, iZiko leSizwe loVavanyo loMgangatho weMveliso yeTungsten kunye neRare Earth, iXiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd., kunye neZigong Hard Alloy Co., Ltd., zabelane ngeembono zazo kunye neembono zekamva zoshishino.
USu Gang, uNobhala-Jikelele we-China Tungsten Industry Association, uthe ngexesha lentetho yakhe ukuba njengoko ukucubungula kunye nemveliso ye-tungsten kwihlabathi liphela kubuya kancinci kancinci, imfuno yezinto eziluhlaza ze-tungsten iya kuhlala iphezulu. Okwangoku, iTshayina lelona lizwe kuphela elinoluhlu olupheleleyo lweshishini le-tungsten, elineenzuzo zokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwezemigodi, ukukhetha, kunye nokucokisa, kwaye liqhubela phambili kwizixhobo eziphambili, lisiya kwimveliso yanamhlanje ephezulu. "Ixesha 'le-14 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu' liya kuba linqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuguqulwa kweshishini le-tungsten laseTshayina ukuya kuphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu."
UZhang Zhongjian usebenze njengoSihlalo weShaya likaShayina Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy Branch ixesha elide kwaye okwangoku unguSihlalo oLawulayo weZhuzhou Hard Alloy Industry Association kunye noprofesa odumileyo kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseHunan. Unolwazi olunzulu nolude lweli shishini. Ukusuka kwidatha yakhe ekwabelwana ngayo, kunokubonwa ukuba imveliso ye-hard alloy yesizwe ikhule ukusuka kwiitoni ezili-16,000 ngo-2005 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-52,000 ngo-2021, ukwanda okuphindwe ka-3.3, okubangela ngaphezulu kwe-50% yexabiso lilonke lehlabathi. Ingeniso iyonke yokusebenza kwe-hard alloy inyuke ukusuka kwi-8.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2005 ukuya kwi-34.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2021, ukwanda okuphindwe kane; ukusetyenziswa kwimarike yezisombululo zokucubungula oomatshini baseTshayina kunyuke ukusuka kwi-13.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2021.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-01-2020
